Indian Journal of Mathematics
ISSN (Print): ISSN-0019-5324 |
The Journal publishes original research contributions across all branches of mathematics and mathematical statistics. One volume, comprising three issues, is published annually.
About Indian Journal of Mathematics
Refereed/peer reviewed
Indexed in: Mathematical Reviews (USA)
Current Mathematical Publications (USA)
Zentralblatt MATH (Germany)
Scopus (Elsevier).
Aims and Scope
The Indian J. Math. is devoted to original research papers in different branches of mathematics and mathematical statistics. One volume published each year. Each volume consists of three issues.
Editorial Policy
The Editorial Team of the Indian J. Math., comprising the Editorial Board and the Committee for Publications is responsible for taking a decision as to which of the articles submitted to the journal are to be published. The Editors have complete discretion to reject/accept an article. The Editorial Team may confer/deliberate with other reviewers/editors in arriving at its decisions. The evaluation of manuscripts is made on the basis of their scholarly and intellectual content without having regard to the nature of the authors or the institution including gender, race, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy of the authors.
The Journal Editors also encourage the submission of longer manuscripts, particularly those exceeding ten published pages.
In contrast, the Bulletin of the Allahabad Mathematical Society(Bull. Allah. Math. Soc.) welcomes shorter contributions, including short communications and review reports.
Indexing and Abstracting Services
Articles published in this journal are indexed or abstracted in Mathematical Reviews (USA), Current Mathematical Publications (USA), Zentralblatt MATH (Germany), Scopus (Elsevier).
Copyright
A duly signed Copyright Transfer Agreement must be completed prior to the final publication of any manuscript in this journal. In the event that the author fails to return the signed agreement, it will be presumed that the author consents to the transfer of copyright to the Allahabad Mathematical Society. Furthermore, submission of a manuscript to this journal constitutes the author's explicit assurance that the work has not been previously copyrighted, published, or submitted simultaneously for publication elsewhere.
Publication Charge
Publication charges are waived for all papers accepted for publication in the Journal of the Allahabad Mathematical Society. Nevertheless, the Society would greatly appreciate voluntary financial support from authors with available research budgets, as it contributes to the sustained growth and improvement of the journal's operations and services.
Subscription
All correspondence regarding subscriptions, membership, and notifications of change of address should be addressed to:
The Allahabad Mathematical Society
10, C S P Singh Marg,Prayagraj(Allahabad)–211001
Uttar Pradesh, India
E-mail: almsprayagraj211@gmail.com
Editorial Board
S.N. Mishra
(Editor)School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa
e-mail: swaminathmishra3@gmail.com
G. Allasia
Department of Mathematics "G. Peano", University of Turin, Via Carlo Alberto 10, I-10123, Torino, Italye-mail: giampietro.allasia@unito.it
Yeol Je Cho
Department of Mathematics, Gyeongsang national University Chinju 660-701, Koreae-mail: yjchomath@gmail.com
Stefan Czerwik
Institute of Mathematics, Silesian University of Technology, Kaszubska 23, 44-100 Gliwice, Polande-mail: steczerw@gmail.com
Anatolij Dvurecenskij
Mathematical Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava;e-mail: anatolij.dvurecenskij@mat.savba.sk
J. Dziok
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural sciences, University of Rzeszow, Ul. Rejtana16A, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
e-mail: jdziok@ur.edu.pl
Genady Ya Grabarnik
Department of Mathematics, CUNY, NY, U.S.A;e-mail: genadyg@gmail.com
Mourad E.H. Ismail
Department of Mathematics, University of South Florida, 4202 EastFowler Avenue, Phy 114, Tampa, Florida, U.S.A;
e-mail: ams10marg@gmail.com
Erdal Karapinar
Department of Medical Research, China medical University, 40402,Taichung, Taiwan;
e-mail: erdalkarapinar@yahoo.com
M.khare
Department of Mathematics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India;e-mail ams10marg@gmail.com
Alessandrro Languasco
Dipartimento di Mathematica "Tullio Levi-Civita", Universita deglistudi Padova, torre Archimede, Via Trieste 63,35121 Padova, Italy;
e-mail: lessandro.languasco@unipd.it
R.N. Mohapatra
Department of Mathematics, University of Central Florida orlando, FL.,32816, U.S.A;
e-mail: Ram.Mohapatra@ucf.edu
C.J. Mozzochi
Box 1424, Princenton, NJ 08542, U.S.A;e-mail: cjm@ix.netcom.com
S.N. Mukhopadhyay
University Teachers Co-op. Housing, Krishnapur Road, Burdwan 713104, west Bengal, India;
e-mail: snmukhopadhyay@rediffmail.com
Juan J. Nieto
Institute de Matemticas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiagode Compostela, Spain;
e-mail: juanjose.nieto.roig@usc.es
Sehie Park
department of Mathematics, South National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea;e-mail: sehiepark@gmail.com
Mahi Singh
Department of Physics, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada;e-mail: ams10marg@gmail.com
Stevo Stevic
Mathematical Institute of the Serbian Academy Academy of Sciences, KnezMihailova 36/3,11000 Beograd, Serbia;
e-mail: sstevic@ppt.rs
Wataru Takahashi
Tokyo Institute of Technology, department of Mathematics andComputing Sciences, O-Okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152, Japan;
e-mail: ams10marg@gmail.com
For Authors
Submission of a Manuscript
Submission of a paper implies that the paper is original and is not submitted elsewhere. In addition, the authors declare that they have no competing interests and all the authors listed have read and approved the manuscript. The sole responsibility in this respect lies with the corresponding author.
There are no publication charges.
A pdf version of the paper generated by TEX should be submitted electronically to the Secretary for Publications at the following address: almsprayagraj211@gmail.com.
A galley proof of the accepted paper will be sent to the corresponding author. 25 reprints/e-reprint would be supplied to the corresponding author. Additional reprints can be obtained on payment by placing order at the time of proof correction.
It is understood that once the paper has been accepted, it cannot be withdrawn and all the copyrights are automatically transferred to the Allahabad Mathematical Society whose address is given below:
The Allahabad Mathematical Society
10, C. S. P. Singh Marg, Allahabad-211 001
Uttar Pradesh, India
E-mail: almsprayagraj211@gmail.com
Preparation of the Manuscript
Manuscripts should be written in good English. The first page of the Manuscript should provide the title, the author(s) name(s) and institution(s) with complete mailing address along with phone and e-mail address. The name of the corresponding author should be specified.The title of the manuscript should be brief and informative; special symbols and formulae should preferably be avoided. An explicit but short abstract should be provided at the beginning of the paper.
A short list of carefully chosen key words and phrases along with AMS Mathematics Subject Classification (2020) should follow the 'Abstract'.
The text of the paper should be divided into sections with appropriate headings. The author(s) should try to keep the notations as simple as possible and should try to avoid the use of complicated subscripts and superscripts as well as special type fonts. All the figures (Colored figures should be avoided) should be sent along with the manuscript through e-mail at the address given above.
References to the literature should be listed alphabetically at the end of the paper by Arabic numerals within square brackets. All references should include complete title of the referred paper, and first and last page numbers. Authors are requested to check that all the references in the list are used in the text.
Submission Checklist
Coming soon
Declaration Form
Coming soon
Volumes & Issues
| Volume 65 | 2023 |
| Volume 64 | 2022 |
| Volume 63 | 2021 |
| Volume 62 | 2020 |
| Volume 61 | 2019 |
| Volume 60 | 2018 |
| Volume 59 | 2017 |
| Volume 58 | 2016 |
| Volume 57 | 2015 |
| Volume 56 | 2014 |
| Volume 55 | 2013 |
| Volume 54 | 2012 |
| Volume 53 | 2011 |
| Volume 52 | 2010 |
| Volume 51 | 2009 |
| Volume 50 | 2008 |
| Volume 49 | 2007 |
| Volume 48 | 2006 |
| Volume 47 | 2005 |
| Volume 46 | 2004 |
| Volume 45 | 2003 |
| Volume 44 | 2002 |
| Volume 43 | 2001 |
| Volume 42 | 2000 |
| Volume 41 | 1999 |
| Volume 40 | 1998 |
| Volume 39 | 1997 |
| Volume 38 | 1996 |
| Volume 37 | 1995 |
| Volume 36 | 1994 |
| Volume 35 | 1993 |
| Volume 34 | 1992 |
| Volume 32 | 1990 |
| Volume 25 | 1983 |
| Volume 22 | 1980 |
| Volume 20 | 1978 |
| Volume 19 | 1977 |
| Volume 18 | 1976 |
| Volume 17 | 1975 |
| Volume 16 | 1974 |
| Volume 15 | 1973 |
| Volume 14 | 1972 |
| Volume 13 | 1971 |
| Volume 12 | 1970 |
| Volume 7 | 1965 |
Recent Articles
Reducing Customer Abandonment Through the Characteristic Function of Two Queueing Games with Exponential Reneging
Author: D. Dutta, M. K. Patel
Customer abandonment, also known as reneging, is a major problem for queueing systems. A high amount of reneging in a queueing system leads to reduced goodwill for the system. Queueing systems therefore aim to reduce reneging. Reneging is therefore modeled as a cost on the queueing system. In this paper, we propose a cooperative game theoretic approach to solve the problem of reneging in queueing systems with Poisson arrival, exponential service times and exponential reneging. We define two aggregation principles. These two aggregation principles give us two types of cooperative games. We consider the characteristic function as the average reneging rate in both games. We establish an inequality between the values of the characteristic functions of the two games. Subadditivity of the games is explored using random sampling. Furthermore, a differential evolution algorithm is used to find the non-emptiness of the core in both games. Finally, we use numerical illustrations to demonstrate the cost reduction that can be achieved using the two different aggregation principles. The nucleolus is used for distributing the cost of the grand coalition. The cost of reneging for each player in game one is compared with the cost for that player in game two.
Generalized Fuzzy Ideals in Ordered Ternary Semigroups
Author: Ravi Srivastava, Arvind Yadav, Neha Ahuja
This work explores and defines generalized fuzzy left ideals, fuzzy right (lateral) ideals, fuzzy fuzzy bi-ideals, and quasiideals within the framework of ordered ternary semigroups, using a set-theoretic approach. Generalization of these fuzzy ideals is developed by employing Tom Head’s metatheorem as a foundational tool. Head’s metatheorem, which provides a unifying framework for transferring results from crisp algebraic systems to their fuzzy counterparts, serves as the foundational tool for our analysis. It is demonstrated that the classes of generalized fuzzy left (right, lateral) ideals, generalized fuzzy bi-ideals (quasi-ideals) and various types of fuzzy ideals are projection closed within an ordered ternary semigroup. Characterizations of generalized fuzzy bi-ideals and fuzzy quasi-ideals in terms of generalized fuzzy left (right, lateral) ideals are also provided. Tom Head’s metatheorem is applied to derive proofs for numerous propositions related to these various types of generalized fuzzy ideals, effectively simplifying the proof process by avoiding intricate calculations. Several important properties of fuzzy substructures in ordered ternary semigroups have been established. The intersection of a fuzzy subsemigroup and a generalized fuzzy bi-ideal is shown to be a generalized fuzzy bi-ideal. Similarly, the product of three generalized fuzzy bi-ideals, as well as the product of three generalized fuzzy quasi-ideals, results in a generalized fuzzy bi-ideal. Furthermore, every generalized fuzzy quasi-ideal is a generalized fuzzy bi-ideal, and every generalized fuzzy bi-ideal of a regular ordered ternary semigroup is a generalized fuzzy quasi-ideal. Additionally, the intersection of a generalized fuzzy left ideal, generalized fuzzy lateral ideal, and generalized fuzzy right ideal is a generalized fuzzy quasiideal. By situating fuzzy ideal theory in the richer setting of ordered ternary operations and applying Head’s metatheorem, this work advances the development of fuzzy algebraic systems and lays the groundwork for applications in logic, artificial intelligence, and multi-agent systems where uncertainty, order, and multi-arity operations coexist.
A Preliminary Note on a mixed finite difference approach for a singularly perturbed Gait model
Author: Shubhangini Gupta, Sourav Banerjee, Tamal Pramanick
In this research, we introduce a simulation based numerical technique for addressing a class of linear second-order ordinary differential equations derived from a simplified biologically inspired model of human gait. Although the governing equation is posed as a time-dependent ODE, its inner rescaled formulation exhibits singular perturbation structure characteristic of boundary layer type behavior. The model incorporates significant physical aspects like gravity, damping, and leg stiffness, while also illustrating the vertical motion of the body's center of mass during ambulation or running. Standard numerical schemes may struggle to accurately resolve steep solution gradients arising for small perturbation parameters. To address this, we employ an asymptotic inner-outer decomposition combined with a time rescaling transformation to capture boundary layer behavior effectively. The Thomas approach is used to quickly solve the resulting tridiagonal problems within the mixed finite difference framework. The numerical experiments are also presented in order to validate the theoretical findings.
HIV/AIDS modeling of sexual and gender-based violence in conflict-affected populations with therapeutic intervention: global stability and sensitivity analysis
Author: Abdelkadir Muzey Mohammed, Habtu Alemayehu Atsbaha, Yohannes Yirga Kefela, Woldegebriel Assefa Woldegerima, Kiros Tedla Gebrehiwot
Armed conflicts intensify HIV/AIDS transmission by increasing sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) and disrupting healthcare systems, particularly in low-income regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa. These intersecting factors substantially accelerate the progression of existing infections and increase the incidence of new cases, yet the combined impact of conflict-related SGBV and biomedical interventions remains insufficiently quantified. To address this, we developed a deterministic compartmental model to investigate HIV transmission dynamics, explicitly incorporating rape-related infections, post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), and antiretroviral therapy (ART), and evaluated their interactions across varying conflict intensity scenarios. The model assessed disease-free and endemic equilibria, computed the basic reproduction number ($\mathcal{R}_0$), and conducted global stability and sensitivity analyses. Numerical simulations examined the influence of SGBV prevalence, treatment coverage, and escalating conflict on HIV transmission. Results demonstrated that HIV transmission escalates sharply with increasing SGBV and conflict intensity. Timely initiation of PEP and ART substantially reduces new infections, with PEP exerting the greatest impact among rape-exposed populations. Combined PEP and ART interventions produced synergistic reductions in $\mathcal{R}_0$, whereas treatment interruptions facilitated persistent endemicity. These findings underscore effective HIV control in conflict-affected populations requires integrated strategies that concurrently reduce SGBV exposure and maintain treatment access. The model provides a quantitative framework for epidemic preparedness, evidence-based policy development, and survivor-centered interventions, emphasizing the urgent need for targeted public health strategies in conflict-impacted regions.
On a generalization of $D3$-modules
Author: Papa Cheikhou Diop, Modou Seye, Sanjeev Kumar Maurya, Mamadou Barry
$ R $ is supposed to be an associative ring with identity and $ M $ be a unital left $R$-module. In this paper, we present the concept of a $D31$-module that generalizes the concept of a $D3$-module introduced in [14] and studied in [25] . A module $M$ is termed as $ D31 $-module if, whenever $ W $ and $ X $ are summands of $ M $ with $ W + X = M $ and $ W $ is cosingular, we have $ W \cap X $ is a direct summand of $ M $. We explore fundamental properties of these modules and establish that the class of rings $ R $ such that every $ D31 $-module is also a $ D3 $-module coincides precisely with the class of COSP-rings. Additionally, we examine the connections between $ D31 $-modules and other related module classes.
A grid-based method for solving the initial-boundary value problem for a multidimensional third-order hyperbolic partial differential equation
Author: M. KH. Beshtokov
The initial boundary value problem for a multidimensional partial differential equation of the third order of hyperbolic type, which serves as a mathematical model of the movement of moisture and salts in soils, is studied. For an approximate solution of the problem, the original equation is reduced to an integro-differential equation with a small parameter. It is shown that when the small parameter tends to zero, the solution of the resulting modified problem converges to the solution of the original problem. A. A. Samarsky's locally one-dimensional difference scheme is constructed. An a priori estimate is obtained using the method of energy inequalities, from which the uniqueness and stability of the solution of the scheme follow, the convergence of the solution of the locally one-dimensional difference scheme to the solution of the modified differential problem is proved.
ISO $C2$ and ISO $C3$-Modules
Author: Surya Prakash, Ajim Uddin Ansari, Anurag Shukla
In this paper, we introduce and study the concept of iso $C2$-modules and iso $C3$-modules as generalizations of the direct injective modules. We prove that $M$ is an iso $C3$-module if for any two isosimple submodules $A, B$ of $M$ with $A\cong B, B\subseteq ^\oplus M$ and $A\cap B = 0$ implies that $A\subseteq ^ \oplus M$. Also, if $M$ is an iso $C3$- module then $Im f\subseteq ^\oplus B$, whenever $M = A\oplus B$ with $A, B$ isosimple and $f: A\rightarrow B$ be an $R$-homomorphism. Furthermore, we provide a number of properties and characterizations of these new classes of modules.
Quadrics of finite chen type regarding the second fundamental form
Author: Hassan Al-Zoubi
This paper focuses on the study of quadric surfaces in 3-dimensional Euclidean space that are of finite II-type, a concept introduced by B.-Y. Chen regarding the 2nd fundamental form II. It was shown that the only ones of the class of quadrics in 3-space according to the definition of finite Chen type are the spheres.
Symplectic Newton–Cotes product Integration methods for fractional Hamiltonian systems
Author: Shruti Tiwari
This work presents a novel class of composite product-integration closed Newton--Cotes (CNC) integrators specifically designed for Hamiltonian systems governed by Caputo fractional derivatives of order $1 < \alpha < 2$. The proposed methodology establishes explicit full-history convolution weights while constructing a discrete variational principle within an extended phase space, ultimately yielding a symplectic mapping. Through rigorous analysis, we demonstrate global error bounds of $O(h^{2-\alpha})$ for CNC-2 and $O(h^{4-\alpha})$ for CNC-4 under conventional regularity assumptions. The linear stability characteristics are analyzed via the generating function of convolution weights, while long-term energy drift behavior is quantified. Additionally, efficient implementation strategies are developed that achieve $O(1)$ per-step computational complexity through systematic history truncation and sum-of-exponentials compression techniques. Comprehensive numerical experiments validate the theoretical predictions and demonstrate superior performance relative to existing fractional integrators.
Approximation of zeros of nonlinear real functions using a variant of the false position method based on quadratic polynomials
Author: Y. Castillo, S. Correa, R. Ipanaqué, C. Iman, J. Farfán
We present a quadratic variant of the classical False Position Method (VQFPM) for approximating the zeros of nonlinear real functions. The method is based on second-degree Lagrange interpolation using three dynamic points within each iteration interval, which significantly improves the convergence rate without requiring derivatives. We establish the theoretical foundations of the method and derive rigorous bounds for its convergence error. Through numerical experiments implemented in the open-source software Maxima, we demonstrate that VQFPM achieves high precision with fewer iterations than traditional methods, including Newton and Secant. These results highlight VQFPM as a robust and efficient alternative for derivative-free root finding.